1 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Circuits David J. Comer and Donald T. Comer
1.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Physical Characteristics and Properties of the BJT ..............................................................1-2
1.3 Basic Operation of the BJT....................................................................................................1-2
1.4 Use of the BJT as an Amplifier .............................................................................................1-5
1.5 Representing the Major BJT Effects by an Electronic Model ..............................................1-6
1.6 Other Physical Effects in the BJT .........................................................................................1-6
1.7 More Accurate BJT Models ..................................................................................................1-8
1.8 Heterojunction Bipolar Junction Transistors ......................................................................1-8
1.9 Integrated Circuit Biasing Using Current Mirrors ..............................................................1-9
1.10 The Basic BJT Switch ..........................................................................................................1-14
1.11 High-Speed BJT Switching .................................................................................................1-16
1.12 Simple Logic Gates ..............................................................................................................1-19
1.13 Emitter-Coupled Logic .......................................................................................................1-19
2 RF Passive IC Components Thomas H. Lee, Maria del MarHershenson,
Sunderarajan S. Mohan, Hirad Samavati, and C. Patrick Yue
2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................2-1
2.2 Fractal Capacitors .................................................................................................................2-1
2.3 Spiral Inductors ....................................................................................................................2-8
2.4 On-Chip Transformers .......................................................................................................2-14
3  CMOS Amplifier Design Harry W. Li, R. Jacob Baker, and Donald C. Thelen
3.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Biasing Circuits .....................................................................................................................3-7
3.3 Amplifiers ...........................................................................................................................3-15
4 Bipolar Amplifier Design Geert A. De Veirman
4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Single-Transistor Amplifiers ................................................................................................4-1
4.3 Differential Amplifiers ........................................................................................................4-22
4.4 Output Stages ......................................................................................................................4-40
4.5 Bias Reference .....................................................................................................................4-45
4.6 Operational Amplifiers .......................................................................................................4-49
4.7 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................4-56
5 High-Frequency Amplifiers Chris Toumazou and Alison Payne
5.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 The Current Feedback Op-Amp ..........................................................................................5-2
5.3 RF Low-Noise Amplifiers ...................................................................................................5-12
5.4 Optical Low-Noise Preamplifiers .......................................................................................5-18
5.5 Fundamentals of RF Power Amplifier Design ...................................................................5-24
5.6 Applications of High-Q Resonators in IF-Sampling Receiver Architectures ....................5-29
5.7 Log-Domain Processing .....................................................................................................5-36
6 Operational Transconductance Amplifiers R.F. Wassenaar, Mohammed Ismail, and
Chi-Hung Lin
6.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................6-1
6.2 Noise Behavior of the OTA ..................................................................................................6-1
6.3 An OTA with an Improved Output Swing ..........................................................................6-4
6.4 OTAs with High Drive Capability.........................................................................................6-6
6.5 Common-Mode Feedback .................................................................................................6-14
6.6 Filter Applications with Low-Voltage OTAs ......................................................................6-16
7  Nyquist-Rate ADC and DAC Bang-Sup Song
7.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................7-1
7.2 ADC Design Arts ...................................................................................................................7-5
7.3 ADC Architectures ................................................................................................................7-7
7.4 ADC Design Considerations ...............................................................................................7-18
7.5 DAC Design Arts .................................................................................................................7-22
7.6 DAC Architectures ..............................................................................................................7-23
7.7 DAC Design Considerations ...............................................................................................7-27
8  Oversampled Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters
John W. Fattaruso and Louis A. Williams, III
8.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................8-1
8.2 Basic Theory of Operation ....................................................................................................8-2
8.3 Alternative Sigma-Delta Architectures ...............................................................................8-14
8.4 Filtering for Sigma-Delta Modulators.................................................................................8-19
8.5 Circuit Building Blocks .......................................................................................................8-21
8.6 Practical Design Issues.........................................................................................................8-30
8.7 Summary.............................................................................................................................8-36
9  RF Communication Circuits Michiel Steyaert, Marc Borremans, Johan Janssens, and
Bram De Muer
9.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................9-1
9.2 Technology ............................................................................................................................9-2
9.3 The Receiver ..........................................................................................................................9-4
9.4 The Synthesizer....................................................................................................................9-12
9.5 The Transmitter...................................................................................................................9-17
9.6 Toward Fully Integrated Transceivers.................................................................................9-25
9.7 Conclusions .........................................................................................................................9-25
10  PLL Circuits Min-shueh Yuan and Chorng-kuang Wang
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................10-1
10.2 PLL Techniques ...................................................................................................................10-2
10.3 Building Blocks of the PLL Circuit....................................................................................10-18
10.4 PLL Applications ...............................................................................................................10-22
11  Continuous-Time Filters John M. Khoury
11.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................11-1
11.2 State-Variable Synthesis Techniques...................................................................................11-2
11.3 Realization of VLSI Integrators...........................................................................................11-9
11.4 Filter Tuning Circuits ........................................................................................................11-25
11.5 Conclusion........................................................................................................................11-30
12  Switched-Capacitor Filters Andrea Baschirotto
12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................12-1
12.2 Sampled-Data Analog Filters...............................................................................................12-2
12.3 The Principle of the SC Technique .....................................................................................12-4
12.4 First-Order SC Stages ..........................................................................................................12-6
12.5 Second-Order SC Circuit ....................................................................................................12-9
12.6 Implementation Aspects....................................................................................................12-14
12.7 Performance Limitations...................................................................................................12-18
12.8 Compensation Technique (Performance Improvements)...............................................12-22
12.9 Advanced SC Filter Solutions............................................................................................12-27
13  Materials Stephen I. Long
13.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................13-1
13.2 Compound Semiconductor Materials ................................................................................13-1
13.3 Why III-V Semiconductors?................................................................................................13-2
13.4 Heterojunctions..................................................................................................................13-3
14  Compound Semiconductor Devices for Digital Circuits Donald B. Estreich
14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................14-1
14.2 Unifying Principle for Active Devices: Charge Control Principle......................................14-1
14.3 Comparing Unipolar and Bipolar Transistors....................................................................14-6
14.4 Typical Device Structures..................................................................................................14-13
15  Logic Design Principles and Examples Stephen I. Long
15.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................15-1
15.2 Static Logic Design ..............................................................................................................15-1
15.3 Transient Analysis and Design for Very-High-Speed Logic...............................................15-8
16  Logic Design Examples Charles E. Chang, Meera Venkataraman, and Stephen I. Long
16.1 Design of MESFET and HEMT Logic Circuits ...................................................................16-1
16.2 HBT Logic Design Examples.............................................................................................16-10